The Zelve Open Air Museum, located on the steep northern slopes of Aktepe, is a fascinating archaeological site comprising three distinct valleys. The precise date of initial settlement in Zelve remains uncertain, but it became a significant Christian settlement and religious center from the 9th to the 13th centuries. The site is known for its abundance of fairy chimneys and its historical role in early Christian monastic life.

Valley One: The first valley features several notable sites, including a mill (seten) used for producing bulgur wheat. The Balıklı and Üzümlü Churches, along with a winery in the eastern part of the valley, are also prominent features. These ancient structures offer a glimpse into the daily lives and spiritual practices of Zelve's early inhabitants.

Valley Two: In the second valley, visitors can explore the Church of the Holy Cross. This valley is characterized by its serene environment and historical significance, providing a peaceful backdrop for contemplation and exploration.

Valley Three: The third valley houses a village square and a monastery complex carved into a dome-like rock mass. Opposite the monastery is a mosque, reflecting the region's diverse religious history. At the valley's exit, the Direkli Church stands as a testament to the area's rich architectural heritage. High on the slopes, pigeon houses with primitive art decorations add to the valley's unique charm and cultural significance.

Paşabağı (Valley of the Priests): Formerly known as the Valley of the Priests, Paşabağı is renowned for its distinctive fairy chimneys. These natural formations, shaped by erosion and human intervention, served as chapels and living spaces. One of the three-headed fairy chimneys houses a chapel dedicated to St. Simeon, who, in the 5th century, sought refuge from the public's attention by living atop a two-meter and later a fifteen-meter column. The chapel includes a retreat cell where St. Simeon lived an ascetic life.

Historical and Cultural Significance: Zelve was not only a residential area but also a center for religious education. The region hosted the first religious seminars for priests, contributing to its status as a significant monastic hub. The frescoes and decorations in the churches reflect the artistry and spiritual devotion of the time.

Visitor Experience: Opened to visitors, the Zelve Open Air Museum offers an immersive experience into the ancient Christian monastic life. Visitors can wander through the valleys, explore the well-preserved rock-carved structures, and appreciate the natural beauty of the fairy chimneys. The site provides a cool retreat in summer and a warm refuge in winter, making it an ideal destination year-round.

Pigeon Houses: A unique feature of the Zelve Open Air Museum is the pigeon houses, which showcase examples of Islamic painting art. These structures, built into the high slopes of the valleys, were used for harvesting pigeon droppings, a valuable fertilizer for the region's agriculture.

Exploring the Zelve Open Air Museum offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience the rich cultural and religious heritage of Cappadocia. The site's combination of natural beauty, historical significance, and architectural ingenuity makes it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and cultural explorers.